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I. Introduction
A. Biotechnology--What is it?
1. Recombinant DNA
B. Some Examples of Biotechnology
1. Plant Frost Resistance
2. Agricultural Products
3. Insulin, Human Growth Hormone, etc.
4. Medical Treatments
a. Gene Therapy
II. How is Recombining DNA Done?
A. Bacterial Genetics
1. E. coli [Escherichia coli]
2. Genome
a. Chromosome
b. Plasmid
3. Bacterial Conjugation
4. Transformation
a. Recipient Organism
b. Competent
5. Transduction
a. Bacteriophage
B. Gene Splicing: Creating Recombinant DNA
1. Isolate the appropriate gene
a. Remove it from a chromosome
i. Restriction Endonuclease
ii. Sticky [Cohesive] Ends
b. Synthesize it
2. Isolate the appropriate plasmid
3. Open the plasmid
a. Restriction Endonuclease
b. Sticky [Cohesive] Ends
4. Insert the gene into the plasmid
a. Ligase
5. Place the plasmid into a bacterium
a. Vector Method
i. Bacteriophage
b. Physical Method
i. Transformation using calcium chloride
ii. "Injection"
6. Grow large amounts of the bacterium
7. Harvest and purify the results
IV. Transgenic Plants and Animals
A. Plants
1. Plants that glow
2. Foods
3. Other possibilities
B. Animals
1. Cows and goats as factories
V. Should it be Done?
A. Safety Concerns
1. How safe is it?
B. Moral and Ethical Concerns
1. Whose morals and whose ethics?
a. Dutch Elm Disease
b. Biological Warfare?
VI. Other DNA Technologies
A. Who Owns You?
1. Can you patent living things?
2. Can you patent you?
3. The Human Genome Project
B. DNA Fingerprinting
1. Each genotype is unique.
2. Gel Electrophoresis
3. Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR]
C. Cloning
1. Can we clone organisms?
2. Can we recreate extinct organisms?
3. Should we clone?
D. The Future
VII. Summary
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